Greek Orthodox Cross Pendant
Through the many mosques of Istanbul, it is also interesting to study how the plan was developed gradually in major Ottoman mosques, the result of integrating evolution. At first, the Romans were! They prolonged their basilicas rectangular living spaces, meeting, sharing, walking and justice, with an apse covered with. half dome. The Eastern Roman Empire spread the use of domes in the construction of churches. In general, the plan of Christian churches of the East is a Greek cross with. To do this, a technical solutions is to build the corners of a building with a square base, four small corbelled arches, or tubal, surmounted by a wall diagonal. to obtain an octagonal base closest to the circle. By starting in the four corners of concave triangles that join it is possible to directly form a database. Alternatively, Küçük Ayasofya Camii with, the lower slopes of the Blue Mosque, an ancient greek orthodox cross pendant church, built in 527 by Emperor Justinian. The basic plan consists of eight. pillars arranged in an octagon. Elevations semi circular, alternating between the two to two pillars, define a square base. The dome, low profile, is carried by a drum sixteen. sides based on the pillars. In contrast to the facade, apse occupies the space of two pillars. This plan, from a square base, octagonal to erect a monument on which rises. St. Sophia, 537, from a square base, extended half-dome apse to enlarge the interior space, with a large central dome resting on squinches. In. Byzantium, many Orthodox churches were built with central dome. This is the case of the Kalender Camii, a former church dating to the millennium and turned into a mosque by Mehmet II. It consists of four massive corner unit with a successive beds of stones and bricks. These four massive corner are connected by wide brick arches defining one. Art Ottoman domes also used in the construction of mosques and medrese. While the first Ottoman mosques had a prayer room in several bays, separated by. pillars, according to an ancient Islamic tradition, the coverage was already composed of many smaller domes. In the former Ottoman art said "Bush style". because it appears for the first time in the mosque Orhan Bey in Bursa in 1339, mosques have a plan called "inverted T" surmounted by two rectangular rooms. domes form a central nave and two smaller side rooms attached to it, the whole is preceded by a narthex and a portico. Sinan, the great Ottoman architect, inspired then plan for the St. Sophia Mosque Sehzade (1544-1548). It uses the principle of a square plan covered with a central dome on. Rings (19 meters in diameter), the four sides being supplemented by four half domes. This gives a large building on the central plane and not on a rectangular plan. Plan. Süleymaniye Mosque (1550-1557), also of Sinan, this time is derived directly from that of Hagia Sophia, it is rectangular with a central dome and two half domes. But it is the central plan, the type of Sehzade mosque, which will usually be resumed thereafter, including the Sultan Ahmet Mosque, Blue Mosque, built facing the Hagia Sophia. Cover central cupola of pendants, including a clever timing on all four sides of half domes in two successive series, galleries and porticos. All. allows a carry loads of the dome cover and so to open a vast interior space as the central dome appears to be based on four major pillars. This plan will be. used in all major mosques of the Ottoman world, the Sultan Ahmet Camii, the Yeni Camii (1597) in Istanbul, but also the Mohammed Ali Mosque in Cairo (1857). In the Roman basilica of rectangular plan with an apse, and we pass, by the genius of different peoples to Orthodox churches interposed plan centered on a Greek cross and. The Ottoman mosques also have another special feature: the existence of a fake drum highlighting a flattened dome. Contrary to tradition. architecture of the Italian Renaissance, where the domes are usually placed on a drum decorated with tall windows, the Ottoman dome is placed directly on the walls or pillars. support it. Outwardly, however, the base of the dome appears surrounded by a drum generally low, pierced with many small windows. In fact, this is a fake drum. composed of a bulge in the base of the dome. This solution enables both to have in a perfectly spherical and, outside, a more flattened setting. The Dolmabahçe Mosque and Ortaköy, both built in 1855, however, are of a different architecture. These are two small mosques, almost twins in their shape and. dimension, consisting of a room, square, covered with a single dome. They reveal a great science of architecture by the control of forces due to outbreaks of the dome. which is based on four very high walls perforated. The architecture is unfortunately a bit heavy with expensive decorative additions to the architects of the nineteenth, columns,. pinnacles, rosettes stone parapets, consoles . . . they still retain a large slenderness and grace, especially as they are both situated on the banks of the Bosphorus. And minarets, you ask? Disassembly for renovation of the minarets of the Laleli Camii can become aware of their structure. All the stone they are. compounds are placed on the ground to identify the stones to replace and resize. The minaret is made up of stacked rings of stone from 20 to 30 centimeters in height and. thick. Each ring is fitted on the lower and upper mortises by metal. The core of the minaret is made of a spiral staircase whose steps. fit into the outer ring. The external structure of the minaret is fluted or faceted, and includes in its upper levels, one or more circular balconies. Removed, the structure of lighter and seems extremely fragile. The minarets can still be very high (70 meters at the mosque in Edirne, Sinan's last work) with. . . .
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